Mandi Bahauddin Rocks
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Mandi Bahauddin District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The town is some 220 metres above the sea level and is situated in upper Punjab, between the rivers Jhelum (north 12 km) and Chenab (south 39 km). Mandi Bahauddin city is situated some 50 km from the M2 – Motorway of Pakistan. The city enjoys all four seasons although the climate is very hot in summer and cold in winter. During the months of June and July, the day temperature mounts up to 45 degree Celsius. The winter months are, however, relatively pleasant and the temperature rarely falls below 5 degree Celsius. The average rainfall in the district is 700 mm. Main localities (Mohallah) of the city are Mohallah Kot Ahmad Shah, Munshi Mohallah, School Mohallah, Gurah Mohallah, Mughalpura, Malikabad, Sufipura, Shafqatabad, Wapda Town and Ward No. 5 (Panch Ward). It contain a population of 427000.
Early history
In 1506 C.E. Chief Bahauddin, Sufi Sahib, established a settlement namely Pindi Bahauddin in the north-eastern corner of the region known as "Gondal Bar", after his immigration from Pindi Shah Jahanian to this area. The settlement soon became a center of intense commercial activity, hence named afterwards by the merchants as "Mandi Bahauddin", the Market of Bahauddin. The Urdu word "Mandi" implies "marketplace". The proto-city was later on fortified with 9 main doorways to guard against foreign invasions. The wall intact today was completed in 1946.[2]
However, the recorded history of Mandi Bahauddin goes back to the era before Christ, connecting the region with the historic figure of Alexander the Great. Some 8 km northwest of the modern-day Mandi Bahauddin town, near the plain of village Khiwa on the southern bank of Jhelum River (Greek Hydaspes), the battle Battle of the Hydaspes River was fought between Raja Porus (Sanskrit Paurava) and Alexander. This historic battle of Hydaspes River, which Indian sources refer to as the "Battle of Jhelum", took place in 326 BCE.[3] The kingdom of Raja Porus was situated in the northern Punjab of modern Pakistan. This battle proved the last major fight of Alexander's career, for the Macedonians, after being put up a fierce resistance by Porus' soldiery and having heard of a massive 4,000 elephant force mustered by eastern kingdoms, refused to march further east i.e. Ganges Plains.[4]
After the battle, Alexander laid down the foundations of three cities in the modern-day Mandi Bahauddin district: "Nicaea" (Victory), near modern-day Mong, "Bucephalus", after his horse's name at the site of modern-day Phalia, and "Helena", after the famous Greek legend of Helen of Troy. Further south in what is today Wazirabad, the cutlery industry has its unique honour to have sharpened and prepared the swords of this great invader.
Muslim era
In 997 CE, Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi, took over the Ghaznavid dynasty empire established by his father, Sultan Sebuktegin, In 1005 he conquered the Shahis in Kabul in 1005, and followed it by the conquests of Punjab region. The Delhi Sultanate and later Mughal Empire ruled the region. The Punjab region became predominantly Muslim due to missionary Sufi saints whose dargahs dot the landscape of Punjab region.
Another historic battle of Mandi Bahauddin was fought in 1739–40 near the modern traffic site of "Satt Sira". Although no concrete historical record is available for the Battle of Satt Sira, this battle has come down in oral traditions as a legendary tale of valor and bravery. Reportedly, the Alliance of the 3-Sohawa villages (Sohawa Dillo Ana, Sohawa Bolani, Sohawa Jamlani) put up fierce resistance to one of the main contingents of Persian Army led by Nader Shah. Nader Shah was not present in person with the contingent, which had stationed near Satt Sira. The Sohawa Alliance, under the generalship of legendary figure Dillo khan gondal, managed to defeat and divert the pressure of Nader Shah's formidable force, which soon afterwards sacked Delhi. On this redemption, some anonymous local Marasi poet of the day spoke up:
The combat between Dillo and the victor of Delhi (took place),
The one from the lineage of Lion (Dillo) came out victorious.
British era
Mandi Bahauddin came under British rule in the nineteenth century. The city is only 34 km southwest of Chillianwala, the site of the famous Battle of Chillianwala/The Second Sikh War, fought between the British East India Company and the Khalsa Sikh Army. The British commander in the battle was General Sir Hugh Gough, who was later on replaced with General Charles James Napier.[5] The city fell to the British in 1849 as the Sikhs were defeated in this decisive combat and the whole Sikh kingdom, consisting of modern Punjab and Khyber Pakhtoonkha provinces, was annexed to the British East India Company same year.
The population grew considerably in the early 20th century near the old village site [Chak No. 51], where Sikh, Hindu and Muslim businessmen and landowners came to settle. The town was named Mandi Bahauddin after the establishment of a grain market in the area (Mandi means "market" in Urdu). During the British rule, in 1916, the Pindi Bahauddin Railway station was built to connect the town with other major cities via Lala Musa Railway Junction. It was a time when the British were building railway tracks across the Subcontinent and introducing modern and essential public-use equipments in their best interest. The Railway System was introduced and laid down to defend their Empire from the North. Partly due to the reason quoted above and partly due to its geographical position, it was called North-Western Railway (NWR).
Chak Bandi was founded by Sir Malcum Heley and approximately 51 Chaks were settled and notified. In these 51 Chaks, the land was awarded to the people who were loyal to the British Empire and had worked for the British interests. Chak 51 became the centre of this newly established town. The map of this Chak was made by John Alam. A famous grain market was set up in the center of the Chak. Soon afterwards, Chak No. 51 was called Mandi-Bahauddin. In 1920 this name was notified. In 1924 Pindi-Bahauddin Railway station was also notified the above mentioned name. In 1937 when Mandi-Bahauddin was town, it was given the status of a town committee. In 1941, the town was given the status of a Municipal Committee. In the master plan for the reconstruction of the town, in 1923, all of the streets and roads were laid straight and wide. In 1946, nine gates and a fortification wall surrounding the whole town, belated due to riots, was completed.[clarification needed]
After independence
The predominantly Muslim population supported Muslim League and Pakistan Movement. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the minority Hindus and Sikhs migrated to India while the Muslims refugees from India settled down in the Mandi Bahauddin District. In 1960, the city was given the status of Sub-Division in District Gujrat.
In 1963, the Rasul Barrage and Rasul-Qadirabad Link Canal project under the Indus Basin Irrigation Project started. The project was managed by WAPDA, and a large colony for government employees and foreign contractors was constructed 2 kilometres north of Mandi Bahauddin city. This project was completed in 1968 by Engineer Riazur Rahman Shariff as the Project Director. This project brought Mandi Bahauddin into limelight and helped the city grow commercially.[6]
In 1993, Mian Manzoor Ahmed Wattoo, then Chief Minister of Punjab, announced and notified Mandi Bahauddin city as the District H.Q. of the new district of Mandi Bahauddin.
The Tehsil headquarters towns of Phalia and Malikwal are 22.5 and 28.5 kilometres from Mandi Bahauddin,
Culture
In spite of being relatively conservative in nature, Mandi Bahauddin city remains a cultural mix up of old and modern tendencies. In 2006 it got its first FM Broadcast Radio Station, aptly named "Hamara MandiBahuddin FM98" (Our MandiBahuddin FM98: www.hamarafm.com.pk): the station has greatly helped gel people of varying cultural mixes into one district. The radio broadcasts music and infotainment for each segment of the social mix. The city enjoyed its purely agrarian and mercantile culture before the Partition of India in 1947. The local Jat culture, an offshoot of Punjabi culture, however, received a heavy influence of central Indian culture with the migrants reaching Mandi Bahauddin from different parts of India after the Partition. Today, Punjabi is the only widely spoken and understood language of the city, whereas a goodly number of individuals understand and speak Urdu and English.
Mandi Bahauddin was home to three diverse religious communities before the Partition, Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs. The simultaneous existence of all three religions promoted the air of coexistence and religious tolerance and the city continued to grow in relative peace. Even today, Hindu and Sikh temples and the old buildings evacuated by the Hindus and Sikhs can be seen in the length and breadth of the city.
A vibrant diaspora of half a million represents Mandi Bahauddin all over the globe, particularly in USA, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Greece and Gulf States. Mandi Bahauddin underwent unprecedented modernisation from the year 2000 to 2010, which was, in turn, a result of outstanding business growth witnessed by the city during the decade. Plaza states rapidly emerged with superstores and multinationals owing to a heavy influx of money from other countries. Remittances sent by expatriates have been the lifeline of the city over the years and the city life still owes its prosperity and profundity to these remittances. As a natural result of prosperity, the city doubled its size within the same decade giving a supreme boost to real state industry.
Today, Mandi Bahauddin district has many civil servants and judges serving throughout the country. This improvement has greatly changed the local culture shifting from a purely agrarian to a business and bourgeois society.
Industry
Shahtaj Sugar Mills is located about 2 km west of the city. It stretches on an area of more than 20 acres (0.081 km2) and has its sub-offices in Lahore and Karachi. Shahtaj Sugar Mills is one of the largest sugar plants in the country. The other major private sector factory in Mandi Bahauddin is Colony Sugar Mills (Formerly Phalia Sugar Mills), situated southeast of Phalia city. Mandi Bahauddin has a textile mills named "Acro Textile Mills" which is situated near Kuthyala Sheikhan. The other industry of District Mandi Bahauddin includes assorted Kino Polishing Industry, Flour Grinding & Storing Mills, Rice Mills etc.
Schools and colleges
IIUI Schools, Phalia Campus
Ali Public Secondary School, Kot Ahmad Shah.
Al Karam Model School
Al-Noor Public Higher Secondary School
Aziz Bbatti School, Wasu
Beaconhouse School System (Pakistan)
Bab-ul-Ilm Public School, Sohawa Dillo Ana
City science academy
Dar-e-Arqam School
District Jinnah Public School And College
Falcon Public School, Munshi Mohallah
Farabi College, Phalia
Faran Public Model High School, Arshad Town
Fatima Jinnah Girls College
Gate Way Public School, Kot Ahmed Shah
Govt. Girls Primary School, Haji Mohallah
Govt. Boys High school Mong
Govt. College of Commerce
Government College of Technology, Rasul (21 km from Mandi-Bhaudin)
Govt. Elementary School, Herdo Bohat
Govt. Girls High School, Miana Gondal
Govt. Girls Higher Secondary School, Mong
Govt. High School, Chak no 14
Govt.High school, chak no 17
Govt. High School, Chak No.1
Govt. High School, Chround
Govt. High School, Kuthiala Shikhan
Govt. High School, Mangat
Govt. High School, Miana Gondal
Govt. High School, Rukkan
Govt. High School, Saida Sharif
Govt. High School, Sohawa Bolani
Govt. High School, Wasu
Govt. Higher secondary school, Dhok kasib
Govt. Inter College, Bhikhi Sharif
*Ghazali School and college Phalia Punjab
Govt. M. High School, Chak No 40
Govt. M.B. High School
Govt. Postgraduate College
Govt. Primary School, Dhoke Jouri
Govt. Sir Syed High School
Govt. Pilot Secondary School, Phalia
Oriental institute of technology
Pakistan College of Technology
Pioneer Model School, Makkaywall
Punjab College
Punjab Computer College
Quaid e Azam Science College
Rangers Public School & College Mandi Bahauddin :)
Rural Health Center, Miana Gondal
Shahtaj Model High School For Girls
Sir Syed Public Model High School
Standerd Science Academy
Taameer-e-Millat High School
The Defodils Schooling system
The Lahore Lyceum
The Motivators School, Makkaywal & Phalia
The Scholars Inn Model School Alvi Chowk
Trust College of Commerce
Vocational Training Institute, Mong
Govt. Girls High School Madhray
Govt. High school Jholana
Govt. High School Jholana
Govt. High School Madhray
Govt. Higher Secondary School, Makhananwali
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